民俗图说

“一带一路”非遗项目译介专题

 

地中海饮食文化

Mediterranean diet

 

图1 地中海饮食文化（来源：联合国教科文组织官方网站）

 

▲ 项目基本信息

 

　　入选年份：2013

　　申报国家：塞浦路斯、克罗地亚、西班牙、希腊、意大利、摩洛哥、葡萄牙

　　名录名册类型：人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录

图2 地中海饮食文化（来源：联合国教科文组织官方网站）

 

▲ 英文简介

 

The Mediterranean diet involves a set of skills, knowledge, rituals, symbols and traditions concerning crops, harvesting, fishing, animal husbandry, conservation, processing, cooking, and particularly the sharing and consumption of food. Eating together is the foundation of the cultural identity and continuity of communities throughout the Mediterranean basin. It is a moment of social exchange and communication, an affirmation and renewal of family, group or community identity. The Mediterranean diet emphasizes values of hospitality, neighbourliness, intercultural dialogue and creativity, and a way of life guided by respect for diversity. It plays a vital role in cultural spaces, festivals and celebrations, bringing together people of all ages, conditions and social classes. It includes the craftsmanship and production of traditional receptacles for the transport, preservation and consumption of food, including ceramic plates and glasses. Women play an important role in transmitting knowledge of the Mediterranean diet: they safeguard its techniques, respect seasonal rhythms and festive events, and transmit the values of the element to new generations. Markets also play a key role as spaces for cultivating and transmitting the Mediterranean diet during the daily practice of exchange, agreement and mutual respect.

 

 

图3 地中海饮食文化（来源：联合国教科文组织官方网站）

 

▲ 中文简介

 

地中海饮食文化涵盖有关农作物种植、收割、渔业、畜牧业、食物贮存、加工、烹饪，尤其是在进餐与分享食物过程中涉及到的一系列技能、知识、仪式、象征和传统。在整个地中海盆地，共同进餐是维系社区文化认同感和持续感的根基。在那一刻，人们可以交流与沟通。在此过程中，家庭、团体和社区的认同感得到肯定与新生。地中海饮食文化重视好客、睦邻、文化间对话和创造力，并崇尚一种尊重多样性的生活方式。它能将不同年龄、条件和社会阶层的人汇聚到一起，在文化空间、节日和庆典活动中起着至关重要的作用。用于食品运输、储藏和就餐的传统餐饮器具，如陶瓷盘子和玻璃杯，其制作技艺与生产都蕴藏于地中海饮食文化中。女性在传承地中海饮食知识方面起着重要作用：她们保护其中的技艺，尊重季节的规律性变化和节庆活动，并将地中海饮食文化的价值观念传给后代。市场作为培育和传承地中海饮食文化的空间，在日常交流、达成共识和相互尊重的过程中，同样也起着关键性作用。