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摘要：联合国教科文组织2003年《非遗公约》通过以来，在全球文化遗产保护领域引发了一场全新的范式转换。遗产作为一种社会、政治和文化现象，其识别、认定和保护的过程无不渗透着人类的价值观和世界观，故其界定和理解也必定以非物质的主体性阐释为依据。非遗保护虽在实践上晚于物质文化遗产保护，但在认识论维度则实现了重大的革命性突破，是谓“所有遗产都是非物质的”。非遗保护作为一种国际文化政策的在地化实践，对民俗学等诸多学科提出了方法论上更高的要求。《非遗公约》以社区为中心的方法论基础，不仅框定了保护遗产及社区受益这一最终实践目标，同时也呼吁学术界生产兼具学理性与对策性的研究成果。
关键词：联合国教科文组织；非物质文化遗产；认识论；方法论
Abstract：Since its adoption, UNESCO's 2003 Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage has initiated a fundamental paradigm-shift in the field of international cultural heritage protection. As a social, political, and cultural phenomenon, the identification, recognition, and protection of heritage are influenced by certain values and ideologies of humanity, which determines that its definition and understanding must be based on the intangible and subjective interpretation of humanity. Although the safeguarding of intangible heritage emerges later than its tangible counterpart, its innovative ideas and relevant practices have led to a revolutionary breakthrough in heritage protection at the epistemological level. Laurajane Smith's conclusion-"all heritage is intangible"-vividly illustrates this important breakthrough. The safeguarding of ICH as a localized practice of international cultural policies, has also resulted in methodological innovations for disciplines such as folklore in humanities and social sciences. The community-centered methodology of the Convention not only frames the goal of safeguarding the ICH and securing the central role of communities as beneficiaries, but also calls to the academic community to produce knowledge with imaginations, insightful reflections, and practical advice.
Key words: UNESCO; Intangible Cultural Heritage; epistemology; methodology
文章来源：中国民俗学网
【本文责编：李中彦】
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