[唐璐璐]对“非遗”与“社区”的再认识——基于“德国现代舞实践”列入非遗名录的思考 · 中国民俗学网-中国民俗学会

摘要：“德国现代舞实践”被列入《人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录》引发了诸多讨论。对于该遗产项目的争议主要围绕其是否符合非物质文化遗产的定义，是否具有明确的社区并发生代际传承。溯源非物质文化遗产定义以及社区概念与包容性、可持续性的关联，可以更好地理解《保护非物质文化遗产公约》的保护范式，进而明确该遗产项目列入名录的合理性。通过华盛顿会议和都灵会议两次重要国际会议，非物质文化遗产的属性完成了由历史“产品”到当下实践的转化。《保护非物质文化遗产公约》所确立的“社区”“群体”“个人”等敏化性概念，也保证了该公约的包容性和可持续发展维度，体现了人本思想回归遗产治理领域。在该公约通过即将20周年之际，借由“德国现代舞实践”这一遗产项目重新认识公约的基本理念，对未来的非物质文化遗产保护工作具有重要意义。

Abstract: The inscription of “The Practice of Modern Dance in Germany” on the “Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity” has sparked numerous discussions. The primary controversies surrounding this inclusion pertain to its alignment with the definition of intangible cultural heritage and the presence of clear community involvement and intergenerational transmission. Exploring the definition of intangible cultural heritage, the concept of communities, and their connection to inclusivity and sustainability can enhance our comprehension of the protective framework outlined in the “Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage” and, consequently, elucidate the legitimacy of the item's inscription in the list. Through two significant international conferences, the Washington Conference and the Turin Conference, the attributes of intangible cultural heritage have transitioned from historical "products" to contemporary practices. The sensitizing concepts such as "community," "group," and "individual" established in the Convention ensure its inclusivity and dimension of sustainable development, reflecting a human-centered approach in the field of heritage governance. As the Convention approaches its 20th anniversary, a reexamination of its fundamental principles through the “Practice of Modern Dance in Germany” is of great significance for the future of safeguarding intangible cultural heritage.

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